Protein powders are dietary supplements containing protein derived from animal or plant-based sources. These powders can be a convenient way to boost protein intake, as the body needs an adequate amount of protein for optimal functioning. Fat, carbohydrates and fiber are typically removed during the processing of protein powders, while flavorings, stabilizing ingredients, vitamins, minerals and sugar may be added, notes Maddie Pasquariello, a registered dietitian in New York and founder of Nutrition with Maddie.

Animal-Based vs. Plant-Based Protein Powder

Examples of animal-based protein powders include protein sourced from whey, casein and eggs. Animal-based protein “contains all essential amino acids,” says Pasquariello, explaining that amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and the essential ones must be obtained through the diet. Meanwhile, nonessential amino acids can be synthesized by the body using essential amino acids.

Plant-based protein powders include protein sourced from ingredients like peas, rice, pumpkin and hemp. Pasquariello notes that these sources do not, on their own, contain a complete profile of essential amino acids. As such, “[they] must be combined with one another in order to obtain the full profile of essential amino acids,” she explains.

Additionally, plant-based proteins are generally considered safer for the environment than animal-based proteins, according to research. Plant-based protein powder options also typically contain greater amounts of nutrients like fiber and healthy fats.