Matcha is everywhere. This green-hued powder that has gone viral on the internet is basically ground up green tea leaves that are mixed with milk to create the insanely popular matcha latte that influencers swear by. On the surface, matcha is actually beneficial to health due to the high amount of antioxidants present in it. However, too much of anything is always a bane and here are a few surprising health complications that you can develop by consuming too much matcha.

Matcha is rich in powerful antioxidants such as tannins and catechins which can bind the iron in your food thus stopping it from getting absorbed in the gut. Long exposure can lead to low iron levels in the body which causes hair thinning and dark circles among other things.

A matcha latte for breakfast can look aesthetically pleasing, but consuming match on an empty stomach can lead to digestive issues, bloating, and acid reflux.

Insomnia and High Heart Rate

The caffeine in matcha can disrupt peaceful sleep and cause heart rate to spike when consumed in excessive quantities.

Matcha’s high catechins, especially ECGC, has been linked to poor liver functioning by several credible studies. However, the studies also show that effect can vary from person to person.

Interference With Ongoing Medications

Matcha, due to its high levels of caffeine can interfere with the efficacy of ongoing medicines. It is best to consult a doctor about drinking matcha when you are taking daily medicines for a particular ailment.

Zinc Citrate Market Size and Share Forecast Outlook 2025 to 2035

The Zinc Citrate Market is estimated to be valued at USD 2.1 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 4.3 billion by 2035, registering a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4% over the forecast period.

The market is projected to generate an incremental gain of USD 2.2 billion at a CAGR of 7.4%. Analysis of five-year growth contribution reveals a slightly back-weighted expansion. During the first half (2025–2030), the market moves from USD 2.1 billion to 3.0 billion, adding USD 0.9 billion, which accounts for 41% of the total growth opportunity.

Annual values in this phase include 2.3 billion in 2026, 2.4 billion in 2027, 2.6 billion in 2028, 2.8 billion in 2029, and 3.0 billion in 2030, driven primarily by rising demand in dietary supplements, fortified foods, and pharmaceutical applications. The second half (2030–2035) contributes USD 1.3 billion, or 59% of incremental growth, as the market reaches 3.2 billion in 2031, 3.5 billion in 2032, 3.7 billion in 2033, 4.0 billion in 2034, and 4.3 billion in 2035. This indicates stronger growth in later years fueled by expanding nutraceutical penetration, increased preventive healthcare awareness, and broader use in oral care formulations.

Companies aiming to capture this back-weighted opportunity should focus on capacity scaling, clean-label product innovation, and strategic partnerships within functional food and pharma sectors to secure long-term competitiveness.

Quick Stats for Zinc Citrate Market

• Zinc Citrate Market Value (2025): USD 2.1 billion
• Zinc Citrate Market Forecast Value (2035): USD 4.3 billion
• Zinc Citrate Market Forecast CAGR: 7.4%
• Leading Segment in Zinc Citrate Market in 2025: Zinc Citrate Dihydrate (48.6%)
• Key Growth Regions in Zinc Citrate Market: North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe
• Top Key Players in Zinc Citrate Market: American Elements, Global Calcium, Jost Chemical Co., Seidler Chemical Co., Inc., NOAH Technologies Corporation, L.C. Industries, Inc., Nutraceutix

Zinc Citrate Market Key Takeaways

The zinc citrate market occupies a significant niche across multiple parent categories. In the zinc compounds and derivatives market, zinc citrate represents 8–10 % of volume, with other forms like oxide and sulfate dominating bulk industrial and nutritional demand. Within the dietary supplements and nutraceutical ingredients market, zinc citrate holds 12–14 %, because of its favorable absorption profile and digestive tolerance. In the oral care ingredient market, its share is highest at 20–22 %, reflecting wide use for tartar control, plaque inhibition, and gum health in toothpaste and mouthwash formulations.

Within the pharmaceutical excipients and APIs market, zinc citrate captures 5–6 %, given that excipients and active minerals compete with binders, fillers, and herbal actives. In the functional food and beverage ingredient market, the share stands at 7–9 %, driven by fortification trends and demand for immune-supporting snack formats.

While overall shares are modest relative to bulk compounds or broad markets, zinc citrate use is accelerating in health-conscious consumer segments and premium oral-care solutions. Its multifunctional role supports evolving formulation strategies for immune wellness, clean-label supplements, and ingredient transparency.

Why is the Zinc Citrate Market Growing?

The Zinc Citrate market is witnessing consistent growth, driven by rising consumer awareness regarding immune health, nutritional deficiencies, and preventive wellness. As global populations seek functional ingredients with proven absorption efficacy, zinc citrate has gained recognition for its superior bioavailability compared to other zinc salts. This trend is further reinforced by increasing demand from the dietary supplement and pharmaceutical sectors, especially in regions facing micronutrient deficiency burdens.

Regulatory approvals and inclusion in permissible additive lists across North America and Europe have enhanced the market’s credibility and global reach. The product’s multifunctional roles in bone health, immunity, and cellular function have encouraged its use in both standalone supplements and multivitamin formulations.

Moreover, the surge in health-conscious lifestyles, aging demographics, and preventive healthcare initiatives is fostering long-term growth opportunities for zinc-based ingredients. Continued investment in clean-label, plant-compatible formulations is expected to broaden the application base of zinc citrate, making it a key component in next-generation wellness and therapeutic products.

Segmental Analysis

The zinc citrate market is segmented by product, application, and geographic regions. The zinc citrate market is divided into Zinc Citrate Dihydrate, Zinc Citrate Trihydrate, and Others. The zinc citrate market is classified into Dietary Supplements, Pharmaceuticals, Food & Beverages, Oral Care, Cosmetics & Personal Care, and Others. Regionally, the zinc citrate industry is classified into North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Balkan & Baltic Countries, Russia & Belarus, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia & Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa.

Insights into the Zinc Citrate Dihydrate Product Segment

Zinc citrate dihydrate is anticipated to account for 48.6% of the total revenue share in the zinc citrate market in 2025, making it the most dominant product type. The segment’s prominence is supported by its superior solubility profile, high elemental zinc content, and better gastrointestinal tolerance compared to other forms. Its wide usage across pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, and food fortification applications has contributed to consistent demand from manufacturers aiming for efficient nutrient delivery.

The stability of zinc citrate dihydrate in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and powdered blends, has further strengthened its utility in consumer health products. Additionally, it aligns well with regulatory frameworks in major markets and is often preferred for its neutral taste and minimal reactivity in multicomponent systems.

The growing emphasis on bioavailable zinc forms in preventive health and therapeutic regimes has reinforced its acceptance among formulators and contract manufacturers. These advantages, combined with the scalability of industrial production, have ensured its leading position in the overall market landscape.

Insights into the Dietary Supplements Application Segment

The dietary supplements segment is projected to contribute 37.9% of the total revenue share in the zinc citrate market by 2025, establishing itself as the leading application area. The growing consumer demand for immunity-boosting and mineral-rich supplements has significantly propelled the use of zinc citrate in this category. Its superior bioavailability, combined with its role in immune modulation, antioxidant support, and cellular repair, has made it a popular choice for daily supplementation.

The segment’s growth is also attributed to increased consumption of over-the-counter health products, particularly in response to health concerns related to respiratory and viral infections. Furthermore, product innovation in chewables, gummies, and vegan-friendly formats has expanded accessibility across diverse consumer groups, including children and elderly populations.

The clear positioning of zinc as an essential trace element in numerous health claims and clinical guidelines has elevated its profile among both healthcare professionals and consumers. These drivers continue to anchor the segment’s growth trajectory in the zinc citrate market.

What are the Drivers, Restraints, and Key Trends of the Zinc Citrate Market?

Zinc citrate is widely used as a nutritional supplement in pharmaceuticals, dental care products, and dietary formulations. Its usage in lozenges, effervescent tablets, and oral health products has grown due to its role in supporting immune function, enamel remineralization, and overall wellness. Manufacturers in the food and pharmaceutical sectors have favored zinc citrate for its good bioavailability and mild taste profile. Producers offering pharmaceutical-grade material with certified purity levels, consistent granule size, and strong documentation have positioned themselves to serve both consumer health and oral care markets effectively.

Nutritional Benefits and Oral Health Applications Support Demand

Zinc citrate has been integrated into dietary supplements and cold remedy products due to its purported immune support and bioavailability advantages over other zinc salts. Formulations such as effervescent tablets and lozenges have included zinc citrate to deliver acceptable taste and patient compliance. In oral hygiene products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, zinc citrate is being utilized for its plaque inhibition and enamel strengthening benefits. Adoption has been supported by consumer awareness of preventive health measures and by clinical literature suggesting benefits in zinc supplementation. As health regulatory bodies have emphasized micronutrient adequacy and preventive care, demand has been sustained in both the functional food and dental science sectors.

Regulatory Scrutiny and Taste Constraint Limit Growth

Use of zinc citrate has been limited by regulatory frameworks governing allowable daily zinc intake and labeling requirements, leading to compliance requirements that vary across regions. Overconsumption concerns have prompted upper limit restrictions that affect dosage formulation flexibility. Taste masking may be needed because high dosage levels can impart a metallic aftertaste in oral products, complicating consumer acceptance. Stability and solubility issues at high concentrations require careful formulation to avoid precipitation or reduced bioavailability. Supplier traceability and impurity documentation are essential to meet pharmacopeia standards, increasing cost and quality control burden. Smaller supplement brands may face challenges with certification and batch consistency due to resource constraints.

Nutraceuticals and Oral Care Applications

Strong opportunities are arising from incorporation of zinc citrate in dietary supplements due to its high bioavailability and immune support benefits. Expansion of functional beverage and gummy vitamin products has increased demand in the nutraceutical segment. Growth in oral care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash is being supported by zinc citrate’s anti‑plaque and anti calculus properties. Private label brands and health focused startups are introducing clean label formulations that leverage mineral fortification. Partnerships with contract manufacturers are enabling launch of novel zinc citrate ingredient blends. Emerging markets with rising health awareness and preventive healthcare strategies are creating new channels for zinc citrate based innovation and product diversification.

Clean Label Preference and Advanced Formulation Technologies

Current trends highlight growing preference for clean label ingredients with clear sourcing and transparency in labeling. Product developers are formulating multi-nutrient solutions by combining zinc citrate with vitamins and plant-based actives to enhance overall health benefits. Encapsulation technology is gaining traction to improve taste masking and solubility in liquid formats. Customized supplement packs featuring zinc citrate are expanding through e-commerce channels. Increased focus on scientific validation of claims and clinically tested formulations is influencing consumer trust. Digital health platforms recommending personalized mineral intake are creating new sales channels. Manufacturers are emphasizing high-purity grades and innovative delivery formats to differentiate in a competitive market landscape.

Analysis of Zinc Citrate Market By Key Countries

The global zinc citrate market is projected to grow at a 7.4% CAGR from 2025 to 2035, driven by rising demand in dietary supplements, fortified foods, and pharmaceutical formulations. China leads with 10.0%, supported by large-scale production and exports of nutraceutical-grade zinc compounds. India follows at 9.3%, fueled by zinc-based supplement adoption in preventive healthcare and food fortification programs. Among OECD nations, Germany records 8.5%, emphasizing clinical-grade purity and strict compliance with EU directives. France posts 7.8%, driven by the inclusion of zinc citrate in oral care formulations and functional foods. The UK, at 7.0%, is witnessing demand from premium supplement brands and pediatric nutrition. The analysis covers more than 40 countries, with the top five profiled below.

In-depth Analysis of Zinc Citrate Market in India

India is forecast to grow at a 9.3% CAGR, driven by its expanding nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors. Zinc citrate demand is increasing due to government-backed nutrition programs and rising consumer awareness about mineral deficiencies. Manufacturers are investing in high-purity production techniques for compliance with global pharmacopeia standards. Fortified food products, particularly in dairy and cereal categories, are boosting consumption. The use of zinc citrate in effervescent tablets and chewable formats is also gaining traction. Export opportunities are strengthening as Indian firms supply cost-competitive raw materials to Asian and African markets.

• Fortified foods and dairy products increase zinc citrate demand.
• Pharmaceutical-grade compliance enhances product credibility.
• Exports to emerging economies strengthen revenue streams.

Sales Analysis of Zinc Citrate Market in China

China is expected to grow at a 10.0% CAGR, leading the global zinc citrate market with large-scale production capacity. Strong domestic demand for fortified functional foods and zinc-based supplements underpins this growth. Government programs promoting child nutrition and immunity-building products further accelerate adoption. Chinese manufacturers are leveraging advanced processing technologies to deliver pharma-grade and food-grade zinc citrate for export markets. Expansion in oral care products, including zinc-based mouth rinses, is an emerging trend. Strategic partnerships between local producers and multinational nutraceutical brands are expanding international footprints.

• Functional food fortification dominates zinc citrate applications.
• Government nutrition programs boost consumption in child health products.
• Export growth supported by compliance with international quality norms.

Opportunity Analysis of Zinc Citrate Market in Germany

Germany is projected to grow at an 8.5% CAGR, supported by robust demand in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations. The zinc citrate market in Germany emphasizes stringent quality controls and adherence to EU health regulations. Consumer preference for clean-label and clinically validated supplements is driving the adoption of zinc citrate over other salts. Manufacturers are developing innovative delivery formats such as capsules, gummies, and effervescent tablets. The application of zinc citrate in oral health, particularly toothpaste for enamel strengthening, is expanding. Partnerships with healthcare professionals for product endorsements strengthen market credibility.

• Clinically validated formulations dominate consumer preference.
• Product innovation includes gummies and effervescent tablets.
• Oral care products integrate zinc citrate for enamel health.

Growth Analysis of Zinc Citrate Market in France

France is forecast to grow at a 7.8% CAGR, with increasing use of zinc citrate in oral care and fortified foods. The zinc citrate market in France benefits from its integration into toothpastes, mouth rinses, and sugar-free gums targeting oral hygiene. Functional food manufacturers are incorporating zinc citrate in breakfast cereals and dairy products to address mineral deficiencies. Dietary supplement brands emphasize premium-quality zinc citrate sourced from EU-certified facilities to maintain consumer trust. E-commerce platforms are playing a major role in expanding product visibility and offering personalized supplement bundles.

• Oral care segment strengthens zinc citrate demand.
• Fortified cereals and dairy products expand application scope.
• E-commerce channels accelerate premium supplement sales.

Future Outlook for Zinc Citrate Market in the UK

The UK is expected to grow at a 7.0% CAGR, driven by premium supplement brands and innovation in delivery formats. Zinc citrate demand is rising due to its inclusion in pediatric and geriatric nutrition products. Manufacturers are launching vegan and allergen-free zinc citrate formulations to cater to sensitive consumer segments. Growing interest in immune health post-pandemic continues to influence buying patterns. Regulatory compliance under the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) ensures high product quality. The rise of direct-to-consumer subscription models for customized supplement packs is reshaping distribution dynamics.

• Pediatric and senior health supplements dominate demand growth.
• Vegan and allergen-free formulations enhance brand positioning.
• Subscription-based sales models strengthen customer retention.

Competitive Landscape of Zinc Citrate Market

The zinc citrate market is moderately fragmented and driven by established chemical producers and specialized nutraceutical suppliers such as American Elements, Global Calcium, Jost Chemical Co., Seidler Chemical Co., Inc., NOAH Technologies Corporation, L.C. Industries, Inc., and Nutraceutix. These companies cater to key sectors including pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, food fortification, and personal care, where zinc citrate is valued for its superior solubility, bioavailability, and functionality as a nutritional additive. Jost Chemical and Global Calcium lead in supplying high-purity zinc citrate that meets stringent USP, EP, and FCC standards, while American Elements and NOAH Technologies dominate industrial-grade segments, leveraging advanced processing capabilities for consistent quality. Nutraceutix focuses on microencapsulation and custom solutions to improve stability and absorption in functional food and supplement applications. Industry entry barriers are moderate due to complex chelation processes, certification requirements, and the necessity for strict quality compliance. According to Porter’s Five Forces, substitution risk remains low since zinc citrate provides distinct advantages over other zinc salts, although buyer power is increasing with demand for clean-label and traceable raw materials. Competitive strategies revolve around expanding product portfolios, investing in R&D for enhanced bioavailability, securing raw material supply through backward integration, and forming partnerships with global supplement brands. Future growth will be propelled by rising health awareness, increasing demand for immunity-boosting ingredients, and applications in oral care formulations. Performance metrics such as purity, particle size, dissolution rate, and regulatory adherence will define market leadership, favoring companies that combine innovation, operational efficiency, and strong distribution networks in this growing specialty ingredient market.

Key Developments in Zinc Citrate Market

On December 11, 2024, Jost Chemical revised specifications for Zinc Citrate Dihydrate USP Low HM Powder (Code 2947), ensuring updated compliance with the latest quality and purity requirements for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Scope of the Report

The global liquid dietary supplements market is experiencing an unprecedented surge, with the market size valued at USD 49.4 billion in 2024 and projected to reach USD 120 billion by 2034, growing at a remarkable CAGR of 9.2% during the forecast period. This impressive growth trajectory is being driven by a confluence of factors, including evolving consumer lifestyles, heightened focus on preventive healthcare, and the growing popularity of functional nutrition products.

For More Insights into the Market, Request a Sample of this Report: https://www.factmr.com/report/46/liquid-dietary-supplements-market

Market Drivers: Rising Health-Conscious Consumer Base & Preventive Care Shift

The expansion of the liquid dietary supplements industry is being fueled by:

Increasing Health Awareness – A global shift toward healthier lifestyles is encouraging consumers to incorporate nutrient-rich liquid supplements into their daily routines.

Aging Population – With a rising geriatric demographic, demand for easy-to-consume supplements that address deficiencies and support vitality is growing rapidly.

Fitness & Sports Nutrition Boom – Athletes and fitness enthusiasts are adopting liquid supplements for faster absorption and convenience.

Urban Lifestyle & Convenience – Busy lifestyles are accelerating the adoption of ready-to-drink supplements as a quick nutritional solution.

Preventive Healthcare Trends – Consumers are increasingly using supplements to prevent chronic conditions rather than treat them.

The liquid form is favored over capsules and powders for its enhanced bioavailability, better digestibility, and palatable formulations, making it suitable for all age groups, including children and the elderly.

Competitive Landscape: Innovation & Strategic Collaborations on the Rise

The global market features a highly competitive and innovation-driven landscape, with key players including:

BASF SE

Herbalife International

Bayer AG

Koninklijke DSM NV

Abbott Laboratories

Amway Corporation

E.I. DuPont de Nemours (DuPont)

GlaxoSmithKline Plc.

Glanbia Plc.

These companies are focusing on product diversification, personalized nutrition solutions, and strategic acquisitions to gain market share. For example:

Herbalife International recently expanded its product portfolio with plant-based liquid supplements targeting the vegan consumer segment.

Abbott Laboratories has introduced targeted nutrition products for immune health and cognitive function in liquid formats.

DSM NV has been investing heavily in bioactive ingredient research to enhance supplement efficacy.

Recent Developments: Mergers, Expansions & Sustainability Initiatives

The industry is witnessing several noteworthy developments:

BASF SE has invested in sustainable sourcing and clean-label product innovations, aligning with growing consumer demand for transparency.

Glanbia Plc. has strengthened its global distribution network to tap into emerging Asian and Middle Eastern markets.

Bayer AG has partnered with digital health platforms to integrate supplement usage with personalized wellness programs.

Technological advancements in microencapsulation, flavor enhancement, and nutrient stability are enabling companies to launch more effective and consumer-friendly formulations.

Browse Full Report: https://www.factmr.com/report/46/liquid-dietary-supplements-market

Regional Insights: North America & Asia Pacific at the Forefront

North America remains a dominant market, driven by high supplement penetration rates, advanced distribution networks, and a strong fitness culture.

Asia Pacific is poised to register the fastest growth due to rising disposable incomes, increasing awareness of nutritional deficiencies, and rapid urbanization in countries such as China and India.

Future Outlook: Personalization & Digital Integration to Shape the Next Decade

The next wave of growth in the liquid dietary supplements market will be powered by AI-driven personalized nutrition, subscription-based delivery services, and direct-to-consumer (DTC) models. As more consumers turn to health apps and wearable devices, integration of supplement intake recommendations into digital health ecosystems will further drive demand.

With a 9.2% CAGR forecast over the next decade, the industry presents lucrative opportunities for both established brands and emerging players who can innovate in formulation, packaging, and delivery channels.

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TEMPO.CO, Jakarta – Matcha, a powdered green tea from Japan that has gained global popularity, is currently a hot topic on social media. Some users claim that consuming matcha can cause anemia by inhibiting iron absorption. Is there any truth to this claim?

Matcha’s Composition

According to Verywell Health, matcha is a high-quality powdered green tea made from finely ground leaves. Unlike regular tea, which is brewed and then strained, matcha involves consuming the entire powdered leaf, making its active ingredients more concentrated.

Matcha is celebrated for its rich antioxidant content, lower caffeine levels compared to coffee, and the presence of L-theanine, which promotes a state of calm focus. However, matcha also contains high levels of tannins, a type of polyphenol that can bind to iron in the digestive tract, making it difficult for the body to absorb.

Debbie Petitpain, a nutrition expert from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, explains that this effect primarily impacts non-heme iron, which is found in plant-based foods, such as green vegetables and legumes. The absorption of heme iron, found in meat, is much less affected.

How Significant Is the Impact of Consuming Matcha?

Research suggests that just one serving of green tea can reduce the absorption of non-heme iron by 60–90 percent. Since matcha is more concentrated than regular green tea, its effect is potentially greater, especially when consumed with meals rich in plant-based iron.

Can Matcha Cause Anemia?

Nutrition expert Kirbie Daily, as cited by Health, clarifies that matcha does not directly cause iron deficiency anemia. However, when consumed close to mealtime, particularly with meals rich in plant-based iron, its ability to inhibit iron absorption becomes more pronounced.

Who Should Be Cautious When Consuming Matcha?

For most healthy individuals, this effect does not pose a significant risk. However, certain groups should exercise more caution, including:

– Pregnant and breastfeeding women due to their increased iron requirements.

– Women with heavy menstruation.

– Vegetarians or vegans who rely solely on plant-based iron sources.

– Individuals with digestive disorders, such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.

Iron deficiency anemia can manifest as symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, shortness of breath, cold hands and feet, chest pain, headaches, and brittle nails.

How to Safely Enjoy Matcha

To mitigate the risk of decreased iron absorption due to consuming matcha, consider these recommendations:

1. Time Your Consumption

Avoid drinking matcha with or immediately after meals. It is best to wait 1–2 hours after eating before consuming it.

2. Limit Serving Size

One cup of matcha per day is generally considered safe for most people.

3. Pair with Vitamin C

Consuming matcha with a source of vitamin C, such as oranges, strawberries, bell peppers, or broccoli, can help increase iron absorption.

4. Monitor Caffeine Intake

A single teaspoon of matcha contains 70–80 mg of caffeine. If you consume other caffeinated beverages like coffee or tea, be mindful of your total daily intake to ensure it is not excessive.

Editor’s Choice: Matcha vs. Green Tea: What’s the Real Difference?

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For years, matcha has hogged the limelight, strutting across Instagram feeds in vibrant green glory. Cafés everywhere fell over themselves to put it in lattes, cakes, and anything else that would stand still long enough to be dusted with it. And then, while no one was looking, along came Hojicha: a roasted Japanese green tea with a colour closer to autumn leaves than spring grass, and with the sort of gentle, toasty aroma that makes you instinctively sigh in relief. It didn’t arrive with hashtags and influencers. It simply walked in, smelling faintly of campfires and comfort, and sat down at the back of the café. Now, it’s having a moment of its own.

The Origins of Hojicha

Like most good Japanese food stories, Hojicha’s tale begins long before the drink itself was even imagined. Green tea first reached Japan during the Nara period (AD 710–794) courtesy of Buddhist monks, who found it perfect for meditation; partly because of its calming qualities, and partly because drinking hot tea is a great way to keep yourself awake while chanting at 4 am! The royals caught on during the Heian period, thanks to Emperor Saga’s enthusiastic endorsement, and by 1211 the Zen master Myōan Eisai had published Kissa Yojoki (How to Stay Healthy by Drinking Tea), ensuring that everyone (from aristocrats to farmers) was clinking cups in solidarity.

Centuries later, with Japan opening its ports in the late Edo period, green tea became a major export, fueling the nation’s industrial boom. Fast forward to Kyoto in the 1920s, where a thrifty tea merchant decided to roast leftover leaves, stems, and twigs over charcoal instead of tossing them. The result was Hojicha: smoky, mellow, and utterly unlike the grassy bite of other green teas. Soon, tea shops across Japan were roasting their own.

Hojicha vs. Matcha

If Matcha is a spring meadow, Hojicha is a late autumn forest. Matcha dazzles with its bright green powder, a vegetal aroma, and a flavour that swings between grassy umami and a hint of bitterness. Hojicha, by contrast, is brown (sometimes a soft chestnut hue, sometimes nearly copper, depending on which part of the plant was used and how long it was roasted). Where Matcha comes from carefully shaded tencha leaves stone-ground into a fine powder, Hojicha starts life as ordinary bancha, sencha, or kukicha, roasted slowly to coax out caramel notes and remove bitterness entirely. The result is smooth, sweet, and faintly reminiscent of cocoa.

Even preparation feels more forgiving. Matcha insists on precise water temperature (no hotter than 80°C), a bamboo whisk, and the patience to beat it into a silky foam. Hojicha powder (while equally whiskable) shrugs off such fuss. And thanks to roasting, its caffeine content plummets, making it the rare tea you can sip before bed without lying awake regretting your life choices. Hojicha’s roasting process is the tea world’s equivalent of slow jazz, done traditionally in a porcelain pot over charcoal. Each batch has its own character, since the brewer can make small variations in timing or leaf type and produce noticeably different flavours.

Health Benefits Of Hojicha

Beyond its sensory charms, Hojicha is a wellness powerhouse. It’s brimming with antioxidants that mop up free radicals and, if you believe the optimistic reports, might help keep your skin youthful and your heart in good working order. L-Theanine, the same amino acid beloved in Matcha, works here too, boosting mental clarity while reducing stress, blood pressure, and cortisol levels.

Emerging research suggests it might even help regulate blood sugar, improve digestion, and support immune function… all while tasting like a toasted marshmallow got lost in a tea shop. And because Hojicha is easier on the stomach, it’s ideal after a meal or as a soothing bedtime ritual.

Read more:

1. A Wake Up Call For Parents: At Least 93% Of Teenagers Are Leading Unhealthy Lifestyle, Eating Junk Food And Skipping Exercise; Study
2. 5 Cheesecake Recipes That Will Melt In Your Mouth, From Choco-Hazelnut To Tiramisu Cheesecake
3. Lunchtime Luck: Why You Should Never Schedule an Oral Exam Or Job Interview Before Coffee

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TL;DR — Fast Lean Pro Review (2025)

Fast Lean Pro is a cutting-edge metabolism-reset powder designed to mimic the effects of fasting without food deprivation. Powered by a blend of plant-based adaptogens, metabolic nutrients, and redox activators, it’s marketed as a fat-burning “switch” for cellular rejuvenation, autophagy, and weight management support.

In This Article, You’ll Discover:

• How Japanese scientists uncovered a “fasting switch” that burns fat and rejuvenates cells
• What makes Fast Lean Pro a metabolic breakthrough in the 2025 weight loss supplement market
• A full breakdown of Fast Lean Pro’s ingredients and their scientific backing
• What real customers are saying — including reviews, complaints, and transformation stories
• How to avoid fake versions and access exclusive bonuses, discounts, and shipping deals
• Why experts say Fast Lean Pro may support autophagy, gut health, skin renewal, and energy levels

The Japanese Fasting Switch That Mimics Intermittent Fasting Without Skipping Meals

In June 2025, a group of Japanese scientists posed a revolutionary question: Can the body be tricked into fasting — without actually avoiding food? Their research revealed that the body’s natural “fasting switch” could be activated not only by starvation, but also through a targeted blend of natural nutrients, fibers, and adaptogens. This cellular switch initiates autophagy, a metabolic state where the body burns fat, clears out dysfunctional cells, and begins a deep tissue-level regeneration process.

But here’s the challenge — not everyone can realistically commit to daily 12-, 16-, or 24-hour fasts. That’s why Fast Lean Pro was developed.

See Real User Results of Fast Lean Pro

Fast Lean Pro is a metabolic reboot powder that leverages this discovery, combining clinically studied ingredients into a formula that mimics fasting benefits without requiring lifestyle changes. Its unique formulation is designed to support fat metabolism, gut health, skin renewal, and energy balance — all while keeping users in a fed state. This positions Fast Lean Pro at the intersection of longevity science, redox signaling, and modern biohacking nutrition.

In this article, we break down exactly how Fast Lean Pro works, what’s inside the formula, what real users are saying, and how to access the lowest price — plus three bonus gifts — directly from the official source.

Fast Lean Pro: The Metabolic Switch Formula Designed to Trick Your Body into Fasting Mode

Fast Lean Pro is a science-backed weight management powder formulated to help the body mimic the effects of intermittent fasting — without requiring users to stop eating. Designed around a concept referred to by researchers as the “fasting switch,” this formula targets the autophagy process, helping your body burn fat, renew aging cells, and restore metabolic efficiency.

By delivering a synergistic blend of plant-based compounds, vitamins, minerals, and gut-boosting fibers, Fast Lean Pro positions itself as a next-generation fat-burning supplement rooted in cellular science rather than crash dieting or extreme restriction. It taps into natural longevity protocols and AI-enhanced nutritional strategies to offer a sustainable path to weight management.

Explore the Science Behind Fast Lean Pro

The product is delivered in powder form, intended to be mixed with water, tea, or coffee each morning. Unlike caffeine-driven stimulants or thermogenic fat burners, Fast Lean Pro focuses on redox balance, calorie-sensing mechanisms, and autophagy triggers, providing a more holistic metabolism activation system.

Users report increased energy, better digestion, enhanced skin health, and most notably — noticeable fat loss without changing their daily eating routines. That’s why Fast Lean Pro is gaining attention in 2025 as a longevity-supporting, fasting-mimicking breakthrough in the natural weight loss space.

Turning On Your Body’s “Fasting Switch” — Without Skipping Meals

At the core of Fast Lean Pro is a concept rapidly gaining traction in nutritional science: metabolic flexibility through autophagy activation. Normally, autophagy is triggered during prolonged fasting. It’s the process where the body breaks down damaged cells and taps into stored fat for energy. This is what leads to enhanced fat-burning, cellular rejuvenation, and even anti-aging effects during extended fasts.

But what if you could flip this switch — without fasting at all?

That’s the scientific foundation behind Fast Lean Pro. The formula leverages key ingredients known to influence cellular energy pathways, insulin signaling, and gut-brain axis communication to simulate the internal conditions of a fasted state.

When consumed daily, Fast Lean Pro may help:

• Trigger fat-burning enzymes by supporting metabolic hormone balance
• Rejuvenate old cells through natural autophagy mimetics
• Enhance satiety and reduce cravings via soluble prebiotic fiber action
• Improve calorie processing and support mitochondrial efficiency
• Promote microbiome balance, which is linked to weight, energy, and skin health

Visit the Official Fast Lean Pro Website

This “metabolic mimicry” approach is particularly valuable for those who struggle with intermittent fasting or high-intensity weight loss regimens. Instead of forcing the body into stress states, Fast Lean Pro gently nudges it into cellular recalibration, mimicking the effects of fasting without deprivation — a concept increasingly supported by modern longevity and redox signaling research.

Inside the Formula: 6 Synergistic Compounds That Support Fasting-Like Metabolism

Fast Lean Pro’s power lies in its precision formulation of 100% natural ingredients—each chosen for its proven ability to support fat metabolism, cellular rejuvenation, and metabolic hormone balance. Together, they form a synergistic activation stack that encourages your body to act as if it’s in a fasted state, without the food restrictions.

Here’s a breakdown of each core ingredient:

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

• Function: Boosts energy metabolism and supports healthy cholesterol levels
• Scientific Role: A vital coenzyme in the production of NAD+, a compound required for cellular energy, mitochondrial repair, and fat burning
• Bonus: May also support vascular health and brain function, making it a favorite in longevity protocols

Vitamin B12

• Function: Encourages skin renewal, red blood cell formation, and metabolic balance
• Scientific Role: B12 is essential for DNA synthesis and cellular repair. Clinical research links B12 deficiency with weight gain and impaired lipid metabolism
• Bonus: Often used in fat-burning energy stacks and nootropic combinations

Chromium

• Function: Helps regulate insulin and supports healthy blood sugar levels
• Scientific Role: Chromium enhances insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for managing hunger, autophagy activation, and preventing fat storage
• Bonus: Studies link chromium to reduced cravings and improved lean mass retention

Fibersol-2 (Soluble Fiber Complex)

• Function: Promotes satiety, balances gut bacteria, and improves digestion
• Scientific Role: A highly fermentable dietary fiber that increases GLP-1 (a hunger-regulating hormone) while promoting gut-liver-brain communication for better metabolic health
• Bonus: Helps reduce spikes in blood sugar and enhances fullness after meals

Sukre (Natural Glucose Derivative)

• Function: Enhances liver detoxification and fat metabolism
• Scientific Role: This rare compound is believed to support calorie-burning and hepatic energy regulation, although data is emerging
• Bonus: Works synergistically with niacin and B12 to optimize daily metabolic turnover

Biogenic Polyamine Complex

• Function: Stimulates cellular renewal and fat breakdown
• Scientific Role: Polyamines like spermidine are linked to autophagy, anti-aging effects, and mitochondrial rejuvenation. They’ve been shown to extend lifespan in lab models by enhancing cellular cleanup
• Bonus: Popular in elite “blue zone” longevity diets and fasting-mimicking protocols

Learn More About Fast Lean Pro Benefits

This carefully designed stack allows Fast Lean Pro to simulate fasting, enhance mitochondrial energy output, and trigger detoxification — without forcing the body into caloric stress. It’s a strategic, plant-powered alternative to extreme dieting and synthetic fat burners.

More Than a Fat Burner: Cellular Renewal, Gut Support, and Energy Reboot in One Formula

While Fast Lean Pro is marketed primarily as a weight loss enhancer, its benefits extend far beyond fat metabolism. Rooted in fasting science and longevity-focused nutrition, this formula supports multiple pillars of health — including digestion, cellular detox, energy production, and even skin rejuvenation.

Here’s what users and emerging studies suggest Fast Lean Pro may offer:

1. Cellular Rejuvenation via Autophagy Support

The inclusion of polyamines, niacin, and chromium helps activate autophagy — the process that clears out damaged cells and stimulates regeneration. This supports not just fat loss, but systemic wellness at a cellular level.

2. Gut Microbiome Optimization

With Fibersol-2 acting as a prebiotic soluble fiber, Fast Lean Pro encourages the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. A balanced gut microbiome is linked to enhanced immunity, improved mood, and better weight control.

3. Metabolic Hormone Balance

The formula helps regulate key hormones like insulin and GLP-1. By balancing blood sugar responses and reducing spikes, it promotes a steady energy state and reduces fat storage triggers.

4. Sustained Energy Without Stimulants

Unlike caffeine-heavy fat burners, Fast Lean Pro relies on B-vitamin activation and liver support to naturally boost ATP production. Users often report higher energy without jitters, crashes, or anxiety.

5. Skin, Hair, and Tissue Renewal

With Vitamin B12 and biogenic compounds, Fast Lean Pro may contribute to improved skin elasticity, reduced inflammation, and hair growth support — aligning with protocols used in cellular beauty regimens.

6. Appetite Regulation and Satiety Support

The formula’s fiber content promotes fullness, helping reduce overeating and late-night cravings — a key issue for those struggling with traditional calorie-counting plans.

See Real User Results of Fast Lean Pro

Together, these benefits make Fast Lean Pro a compelling all-in-one metabolic optimization solution, especially for individuals seeking results without harsh stimulants, strict diets, or complicated schedules.

What Real Users Are Saying: Fast Lean Pro Results That Speak for Themselves

In the world of weight loss supplements, real-world results often speak louder than clinical claims. Fast Lean Pro has accumulated thousands of customer reviews — many reporting transformative health benefits, easier weight control, and higher daily energy. Below are verified testimonials from real users who claim Fast Lean Pro changed their lives.

Jacob Anderson – “Nothing Short of a Miracle”

Location: New York, USA
Verified Purchase
“My wife found out about this method on a forum. When I saw what it did for her, I simply had to give it a go. This formula has been nothing short of a miracle for us.”

Outcome: Reported increased vitality, sustainable weight loss, and improved daily wellness with consistent use.

Marjorie Brown – “I’m in the Best Shape of My Life”

Location: Wyoming, USA
Verified Purchase
“This is the first method I have tried that has actually worked for me. I’m in the best shape of my life and I never had to give up a single cheesecake to get here. Thank you!”

Outcome: No dietary restrictions, visible transformation, consistent use over several months.

Mary Williams – “I Fit Into All My Old Clothes”

Location: Chicago, USA
Verified Purchase
“I fit into all my old clothes and it was so easy to get this thing going!”

Outcome: Reported rapid fat loss with minimal lifestyle change, likely supported by the formula’s metabolic reset effects.

Visit the Official Fast Lean Pro Website to Read More Reviews

With over 13,000+ customer ratings, Fast Lean Pro is quickly becoming one of the most talked-about metabolic formulas of 2025 — especially for people who are tired of yo-yo dieting, caffeine crashes, or complicated weight loss routines.

Pros and Cons of Fast Lean Pro

Weighing the Benefits and Limitations of the Fasting Switch Supplement

Like any supplement in the metabolic wellness space, Fast Lean Pro comes with advantages and considerations. Understanding both sides helps potential users make an informed decision — and keeps this review fully transparent and compliant.

Pros

Clinically-Inspired Ingredient Stack
Each compound is backed by emerging research in fasting science, cellular health, and metabolic optimization — especially niacin, chromium, and polyamines.

Mimics Intermittent Fasting Without Deprivation
Users can still enjoy regular meals while triggering metabolic processes typically activated by fasting.

Multi-Dimensional Benefits
Beyond fat loss, Fast Lean Pro supports skin renewal, digestive health, energy balance, and microbiome improvement.

Non-Stimulant Formula
No caffeine, no harsh thermogenics. It’s ideal for individuals sensitive to jitters, crashes, or adrenal fatigue.

User Testimonials & High Satisfaction Rates
Over 13,000 verified reviews indicate a strong customer satisfaction trend, with many claiming real-world results.

Generous Bundle Options & Bonuses
Bulk orders include three digital bonus programs — ranging from cellulite detox to full-body rejuvenation guides — plus free shipping and a 180-day guarantee.

Cons

Not a Quick Fix
Results may take a few weeks to appear, especially for those with metabolic resistance or poor gut health.

Requires Daily Consistency
As with any supplement, results are tied to consistent daily usage. Skipping doses may reduce its effectiveness.

Limited Availability
Fast Lean Pro is not sold in retail stores or on major third-party platforms like Amazon — it’s only available via the official website.

May Not Suit Everyone
Those with chronic medical conditions, pregnant or nursing women, or individuals on prescription medications should consult a licensed healthcare provider before use.

Explore the Official Fast Lean Pro Site for the Latest Offers

Fast Lean Pro Side Effects & Safety Information

Is Fast Lean Pro Safe? What You Need to Know Before You Try It

Fast Lean Pro is formulated to be stimulant-free, plant-based, and non-GMO, with no synthetic fillers or harsh additives. However, as with any dietary supplement — especially one that interacts with metabolic pathways and cellular processes — understanding its safety profile is essential.

General Tolerance and Reported Reactions

According to customer feedback and internal product documentation, Fast Lean Pro is generally well tolerated. Most users report:

• Improved digestion
• Steady energy levels
• No crashes or jitters

However, some individuals may experience mild digestive changes (such as increased bowel movement regularity or gassiness) during the first few days of use. This is typical when adding soluble prebiotic fiber (like Fibersol-2) and polyamines to the diet.

Who Should Consult a Medical Professional First?

Fast Lean Pro is not recommended for the following without medical clearance:

• Individuals on insulin or blood sugar medications
• Those with autoimmune conditions
• Pregnant or nursing women
• Anyone taking SSRIs, MAOIs, or prescription weight loss medications
• Children under 18

Learn More About Fast Lean Pro Safety Standards

Interactions to Consider

• Chromium may affect insulin sensitivity and glucose levels
• Niacin can cause flushing in sensitive individuals
• Polyamines have cell-proliferation effects; consult your doctor if you have a history of cancer or immune system conditions

Usage Best Practices

• Mix one scoop daily with coffee, tea, or water
• Take in the morning to align with circadian metabolism
• Use consistently for 4–6 weeks to evaluate results
• Drink adequate water to support fiber and detox activity

Fast Lean Pro includes a generous 180-day money-back guarantee, allowing users to test it thoroughly without financial risk.

Fast Lean Pro Pricing, Bundles & Bonuses Explained

Choose Your Package: Best-Value Bundles, Digital Bonuses & Free Shipping Options

Fast Lean Pro is available exclusively through the official website, with several tiered bundles designed to maximize value and long-term results. Customers are encouraged to choose based on their goals and desired duration of use.

Best Value — 6-Month Supply (3 + 3 Jars)

• Total Cost: $294 (originally $1074)
• Includes: 6 jars (180-day supply)
• Bonus: All 3 free digital guides
• Shipping: Free
• Customer Favorite: 97% of buyers choose this option for long-term use

Most Popular — 3-Month Supply (2 + 1 Jars)

• Total Cost: $207 (originally $537)
• Includes: 3 jars (90-day supply)
• Bonus: All 3 free digital guides
• Shipping: Free

Starter Package — 2 Jars

• Total Cost: $158 (originally $358)
• Includes: 2 jars (60-day supply)
• Bonus: No digital guides included
• Shipping: $9.99

Claim Your Discounted Fast Lean Pro Bundle While Supplies Last

Free Bonuses Included with Multi-Jar Orders

Bonus #1: Total Hair Regeneration
Natural techniques for thicker, shinier hair without chemicals or expensive treatments.

Bonus #2: Total Body Rejuvenation
Daily Tibetan longevity practices for sustained energy, circulation, and detox.

Bonus #3: Cellulite Detox
Easy home techniques to reduce the appearance of cellulite and tone your legs.

These guides are only available with the 3- and 6-jar bundles and are delivered digitally upon purchase.

Money-Back Guarantee

All orders come with a 180-day 100% satisfaction guarantee. If you’re not satisfied with your results at any point within six months, you can request a full refund — no questions asked.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Everything You Need to Know About Fast Lean Pro Before You Buy

This section addresses the most common concerns from potential customers, helping to clarify how Fast Lean Pro works, who it’s for, and how to get the most out of it.

How and why does Fast Lean Pro work?

Fast Lean Pro uses a fasting-mimicking formula that activates autophagy and fat-burning pathways without requiring food restriction. Its blend of niacin, chromium, Fibersol-2, and polyamines supports metabolism, hormone balance, and cellular regeneration. The formula is designed to trick the body into a fasted state, triggering fat metabolism and renewal even while eating normally.

Is Fast Lean Pro right for me?

If you’re looking for:

• A non-stimulant, natural approach to fat loss
• Help with stubborn weight that won’t budge through diet alone
• More energy, better digestion, or skin renewal
• A fasting benefit without skipping meals
  Then Fast Lean Pro may be a good fit. However, those with medical conditions or who are pregnant/nursing should consult their doctor first.

When and how should I take Fast Lean Pro?

Take one scoop daily, mixed with your favorite drink (water, tea, or coffee). For best results, use in the morning to align with your body’s natural metabolism and circadian rhythm. Consistency is key — most users report changes after 3–6 weeks of daily use.

Can you tell me about the guarantee again?

Yes. Every order is backed by a 100% money-back guarantee for 180 days. If you’re not satisfied with your progress, simply contact support and request a full refund — no hassle, no return required.

How can I get started?

The best way to start is to select a multi-month bundle at the official Fast Lean Pro website. Orders over 3 jars include bonus programs and free shipping. Once ordered, you’ll receive access to your digital bonuses immediately and your product will ship promptly.

Final Verdict — Should You Try Fast Lean Pro in 2025?

A Science-Driven, Fasting-Mimicking Formula with Real-World Results

Fast Lean Pro is more than just another weight loss powder. It’s part of a growing trend in 2025’s biohacking and metabolic optimization movement, where longevity science, gut health, and cellular rejuvenation converge into practical daily use.

If you’ve struggled with:

• Yo-yo dieting
• Sluggish metabolism
• Low energy and brain fog
• Inflammation and digestive issues
• Or simply sticking to intermittent fasting

…then Fast Lean Pro may offer a compliant, research-inspired alternative to help your body simulate the benefits of fasting — while still enjoying your regular meals.

Visit the Official Fast Lean Pro Website to Order Now

With a non-GMO, plant-based, stimulant-free profile and over 13,000 verified reviews, it’s one of the most trusted natural formulas in its category — especially with its 180-day guarantee and bundled longevity bonuses.

Contact & Support

For product-related support: Contact the vendor via the official Fast Lean Pro website.
For order-related support:

Email: [email protected]
Order Phone Support: Toll Free 1-800-390-6035 / INT Support: +1 208-345-4245

Disclaimers

Affiliate Disclosure
This article contains affiliate links. If you purchase through these links, we may earn a small commission at no extra cost to you.

FTC Testimonial Disclaimer
Results may vary. Testimonials are based on individual experiences and are not guaranteed.

Health Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a licensed healthcare provider before beginning any new supplement.

Product Usage Notice
Not for use by individuals on MAOIs, SSRIs, or prescription medications without supervision. Not intended for children or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Pricing Disclaimer
Pricing and discount information may change. Always refer to the official website for the latest offers.

According to findings published in Geroscience, about one in 10 Chinese centenarians used dietary supplements.

The prevalence was higher in men, with 12.3% of male centenarians taking health supplements, as compared to 10.7% among females.

The study was conducted by researchers from the Academy for Healthy Longevity under the National University of Singapore and Department of Exercise Science and Recreation at CUNY Lehman College in the US.

The research assessed data on dietary supplement usage based on a questionnaire given out during t he 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).

The survey is a large-scale examination of the health and longevity of adults over 65 years old in China.

Of the 15,874 participants, there were 2,877 centenarians — including 2,169 females and 708 males — which were examined for this research. Their median age was 102.2 ± 2.6 years old for females and 101.8 ± 2.2 years old for males.

Among them, 10.7% females (232) and 12.3 males (87) used supplements. Most consumed a single supplement (7.3–8.8%), followed by two supplements (1.7–2.0%). Less than 1% consumed three or more supplements.

Calcium was the most consumed supplements, with the prevalence of use at 6.5% for female and 7.3% among male centenarians.

Both female and male centenarians took calcium supplements for a median duration of five years, with 3.7% females and 3.8% males saying that they took it “often”.

Another 0.9% females and 0.6% males said they took it “sometimes” and 1.8% females and 2.8% males said they “seldom” took calcium supplements.

Protein was the next most consumed supplement, with 3.7% females and 5.8% males said they have used it. The median duration of usage was five years for females and four years for males, with 2.3% females and 4.1% men saying they took it “often”.

Multivitamins were the third most used supplement among the centenarians, with 3% males and 2.8% females using multivitamins across a median period of five years.

Reasons to be determined

Reasons for calcium and protein supplementation among the centenarians were unclear, the researchers said, as the CLHLS survey did not collect information on this.

Nonetheless, the researchers cited data from the US where older adults commonly take calcium supplements for bone health, which could possibly be a reason among the China centenarians.

“Data from the United States indicate that older adults commonly take calcium supplements for “bone health” and multivitamins to “improve overall health”.

“These two supplements were also among the most frequently used in this analysis, possibly due to similar motivations.

“However, because the CLHLS did not collect information on participants’ reasons for supplement use, future research should incorporate questions about motivations and specific purposes for using dietary supplements,” said the researchers.

Based on past reports, companies such as Haleon has reported a stronger demand for calcium supplements in China as compared to other regions. In particular, calcium absorption benefit claims have resonated strongly with China consumers.

China’s homegrown supplement giant, BYHEALTH, on the other hand, has protein powder as its bestseller across the country. Especially since COVID-19, protein supplementation became popular in China for its purported immune health benefits.

On the other hand, based on the survey findings, some centenarians only started taking dietary supplements after they turned 100 instead of throughout their older adult life.

This could be due to advice from caregivers or indicate the centenarians’ evolving opinions on the benefits of taking supplements.

“These data highlight that the participants did not necessarily consume dietary supplements throughout their older adult life.

“Accordingly, this raises important questions about the motivations behind starting supplement use at such an advanced age; whether due to a recent health diagnosis, advice from caregivers or healthcare providers, changes in perceived nutritional needs and/or evolving opinions about the risks and benefits of dietary supplementation,” said the researchers.

DHA the least used

According to the survey findings, DHA was the least used supplement among the centenarians.

Only 0.4% out of the 232 female and 0.7% out of the 87 male centenarians had used DHA before.

In addition, the median years of taking DHA was longer at 7.5 years for men and two years for women.

Iron, zinc, vitamin A, D were the other supplements included in the survey.

Vitamin A, D had a greater prevalence of use as compared to iron and zinc.

For vitamin A and D for instance, the rate of use was 1.9% for females and 2.1% for males — with a median duration of use at five years and six years respectively.

For both iron and zinc, the prevalence of use was 1.2% and median duration of three years for females.

Amongst men, the prevalence of iron supplementation was 1.4% and 1.3% for zinc, both had a median duration of use of 10 years.

Clearer definitions for frequency of use needed

On the other hand, the researchers acknowledged that clearer definitions for frequency of use would be needed.

The survey had categorized the frequency of supplements use as “seldom”, “sometimes”, or “often” without clear definitions, leaving it up to individuals’ interpretations.

“These categories might have different interpretations between individuals, and therefore these responses could be expanded to more specific information such as “taken multiple times per day”, “taken once per day”, “taken 1–7 days per week”.

“Such data would provide more specific insights into the frequency of use. The survey did not include questions about lifetime supplement use, limiting the ability to draw conclusions about long-term effects,” they said.

In addition, due to the study’s descriptive analysis, the findings cannot be used to determine the direct impact of dietary supplementation on longevity.

“It is unclear whether supplement use contributed in any meaningful way to the participants’ extended lifespan, or whether it was simply a coincidental behavior adopted in life.

“Individuals who are exceptionally long-lived may be more inclined to adopt health-promoting behaviors, such as taking supplements, rather than such behaviors being a driver of their longevity.

“The impact of dietary supplements on health outcomes and lifespan in centenarian populations should be further explored in longitudinal studies,” said the researchers.

Source: Nutrients, 2025 ; doi: s11357-025-01782-8, “Dietary supplement use in longevity: evidence from 2,877 centenarians”, Authors: Grgic, J. et al.

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