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Fortescue Ltd (ASX:FMG) stock is ending 2025 in a familiar-but-weird place: near a 52-week high on the back of resilient iron ore prices, while investors simultaneously debate whether the next leg of the story is copper diversification, green metals, or a downcycle risk as new global supply looms. The result is a share price that looks strong in the rear-view mirror, but faces a forward-looking tug-of-war between commodity forecasts, project execution, and capital allocation.
Below is what matters for Fortescue shares right now—covering the latest price action, the Alta Copper acquisition, operational and decarbonisation updates, dividend outlook, and where analysts are landing on forecasts as of December 17, 2025.
Fortescue shares rose in the latest session, with FMG closing around A$22.42 on Dec. 17, 2025 (up ~1.45%), after opening near A$21.74 and trading up to about A$22.45. [1]
On Financial Times’ market data, FMG was trading around A$22.39 with a day range of roughly A$21.70–A$22.46, putting the stock about 4% below its 52-week high of A$23.38 set on Dec. 11, 2025. [2]
Those levels matter because they frame the current debate: is FMG priced for “iron ore stays firm,” or for “iron ore mean-reverts lower in 2026”? Analysts’ average price targets (covered below) suggest the market is leaning toward the second interpretation.
Fortescue confirmed it has entered a binding agreement to acquire the remaining 64% of Alta Copper Corp it does not already own, via a Canadian plan of arrangement. The offer is C$1.40 per share in cash, implying a total equity value of about C$139 million for Alta Copper. [3]
In the same ASX release, Fortescue highlighted that Alta Copper owns the Cañariaco Copper Project in northern Peru and cited a reported mineral resource of 1.1 billion tonnes at 0.42% copper equivalent (measured & indicated) and 0.9 billion tonnes at 0.29% copper equivalent (inferred), referencing an NI 43-101 technical report. [4]
Reuters reported the deal value at roughly $101 million, noting Fortescue’s offer price represents a premium and placing the move in the broader mining trend of diversifying into copper amid energy-transition demand. Reuters also noted Fortescue shares dipped after the announcement. [5]
Alta Copper’s own release adds two investor-relevant details: the deal is expected to be funded from Fortescue’s existing cash reserves, and the transaction was expected to close in February 2026 (subject to approvals). [6]
Fortescue’s ASX release, meanwhile, targeted closing in the March quarter of 2026 and laid out the voting thresholds and court approval process typical for this structure. [7]
Strategically, the Alta deal is small relative to Fortescue’s market value—but it’s large in “signal” terms. It reinforces a narrative that Fortescue is:
Copper prices have been highly volatile but strong, with reporting in December describing record-level pricing dynamics (including stockpiling and tariff uncertainty) that could influence miners’ appetite for copper exposure. [8]
The catch: early-stage copper projects can be long-dated, permitting-heavy, and politically sensitive. Investors will likely demand evidence that Fortescue can apply its execution discipline outside its Pilbara iron ore engine.
One of the clearest “show me” developments this month is Fortescue’s move from decarbonisation slide decks to physical kit on the ground.
Fortescue says it delivered its first large-scale Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) to North Star Junction in the Pilbara, using BYD Blade Battery technology. The installation is described as 250 MWh of storage delivering up to 50 MW for five hours, and the first step in a planned 4–5 GWh storage rollout to decarbonise Fortescue’s operational energy supply. [9]
Mining Weekly’s coverage aligns on the key specs (48 containers, 250 MWh, 50 MW) and describes the system’s role: storing renewable energy generated during the day and feeding power into the Pilbara Energy Connect network at night to displace diesel and gas generation. [10]
For investors, the battery rollout is important because it reframes “green ambition” away from speculative revenue and toward cost, reliability, and emissions reduction inside the core iron ore business—the part of Fortescue that actually pays dividends.
Fortescue’s most strategically interesting pathway isn’t necessarily hydrogen-as-a-product. It may be hydrogen-as-a-process—specifically, using hydrogen-based methods to produce lower-emissions metals.
Reuters reported that Fortescue agreed to work with Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group (TISCO), a subsidiary of China Baowu, on a trial project involving hydrogen-based plasma-enhanced metallurgical technology. The project includes designing and operating a trial line capable of producing 5,000 metric tons of hot metal, and Fortescue said it would provide capital for the project while using its Pilbara iron ore. [11]
Why investors should care: Reuters also pointed out that steel decarbonisation is expected to increase demand for higher-grade iron ore, which is a known strategic pressure point for Australian miners that largely supply low-to-medium grades. [12]
That helps explain why Fortescue continues to talk about “green iron” even as it has stepped back from some large hydrogen project timelines.
Another fresh data point: Renewables Now reported that Statkraft and Fortescue revised their power purchase agreement (PPA) for Fortescue’s planned Holmaneset green hydrogen/ammonia development in Norway.
Key details reported:
This fits a pattern investors have been watching: Fortescue is still keeping some green-fuels options alive, but stretching timelines and gating progress behind feasibility, permitting and financial close.
The sharper pivot came earlier in 2025. Reuters reported in July that Fortescue scrapped two green hydrogen projects (Arizona in the US and a Gladstone project in Australia) after a strategic review, flagging an expected ~$150 million preliminary pre-tax writedown related to those projects and investments. [14]
In the same report, Reuters noted Fortescue posted record iron ore shipments for fiscal 2025 and provided fiscal 2026 guidance (details below), which helped frame the market’s reaction: investors liked the operating performance and discipline, and were less enthusiastic about open-ended green capex. [15]
Fortescue shipped 198.4 million tonnes of iron ore in fiscal 2025 (record), and guided to 195–205 million tonnes in fiscal 2026, including up to 12 million tonnes from its Iron Bridge magnetite operation. Reuters also reported Fortescue’s FY26 metals capex guidance at $3.3–$4.0 billion. [16]
Fortescue itself highlights FY25 performance metrics including 198.4 Mt shipped, US$7.9bn underlying EBITDA, US$3.4bn NPAT, and A$3.4bn dividends paid. [17]
Argus reported earlier in 2025 that Fortescue expected Iron Bridge shipments to rise, with 10–12 million wet metric tonnes forecast for 2025–26 (up from prior expectations), as the company works toward a larger ramp-up. [18]
For FMG investors, Iron Bridge matters because it’s part of the response to the “grade problem” (global steel decarbonisation favors higher quality feedstock), but it has also been an execution-sensitive asset historically.
Benchmark iron ore prices have been holding above the psychological US$100/t level in late 2025. Reuters noted Singapore iron ore futures ended at $104.60 a ton in mid-November and traded in a relatively narrow $100–$108 range since early August. [19]
Market data sources in mid-December show iron ore around US$106/t. [20]
Westpac IQ’s December commodities update forecasts iron ore could fall ~20% to about US$83/t by end-2026, citing declining Chinese steel production trends, rising inventories, and conditions that historically preceded price corrections. [21]
ING’s commodity analysis also highlights the supply side: Simandou in Guinea made its first shipment in November and is expected to ship around 20 million tonnes in 2026, with full capacity of 120 million tonnes per year by 2030—a supply ramp that could shift market balance and pricing power over time. [22]
Reuters has similarly pointed to the widespread view that iron ore prices are likely to head lower in 2026 as Simandou ramps up, even while China’s imports remain robust and sentiment-driven at times. [23]
China’s steel sector affects iron ore demand—directly and brutally.
Reuters reported that China will introduce an export licence system starting Jan. 1, 2026 covering around 300 steel products, amid global trade barriers and protectionist pressures. Reuters also noted China’s steel exports were up 6.7% year-on-year to 107.72 million metric tons in the first 11 months of 2025, putting the country on track for a record year. [24]
For Fortescue shareholders, the key takeaway is not “licences equal lower iron ore demand tomorrow.” It’s that steel is increasingly political—and policy can move faster than mines can.
Fortescue remains one of the ASX’s most watched dividend stocks—because when iron ore prices are strong, the cash returns can be enormous. The company says it has delivered more than A$45 billion in dividends since inception. [25]
But dividends are ultimately downstream of iron ore pricing and costs, and the forward consensus is more conservative than the pandemic-era peak.
Translation: income investors are still watching FMG, but the market is no longer pricing “maximum payout forever.” It’s pricing a cycle.
Analyst targets are not destiny, but they are a useful mirror of what assumptions brokers are embedding—particularly around iron ore prices and Fortescue’s longer-run capital spend.
Investing.com’s consensus snapshot (based on 16 analysts) rates Fortescue “Neutral”, with an average 12‑month price target around A$19.08, a high estimate around A$23.03, and a low estimate around A$16.27—implying downside from the current ~A$22+ trading level. [29]
TradingView shows a similar shape, citing an average target around A$19.51 (range roughly A$16.28–A$23.02). [30]
MarketScreener’s timeline of broker actions highlights how divided views have been, including items such as an earlier UBS upgrade to Neutral from Sell with a stated target, and other upgrades/downgrades across 2025. [31]
This gap—stock near 52-week highs, consensus targets below spot—usually means one of two things:
Fortescue has a busy catalyst calendar in early 2026:
Beyond scheduled reporting, the swing factors are straightforward—even if the outcomes aren’t:
As of Dec. 17, 2025, Fortescue Ltd stock is being pulled by three forces:
The uncomfortable truth for both bulls and bears is that FMG remains, first and foremost, an iron ore equity—so the sharpest near-term driver is still whether iron ore holds its late‑2025 resilience, or whether 2026 brings the price correction that several forecasters are now openly modelling. [41]
1. www.investing.com, 2. markets.ft.com, 3. content.fortescue.com, 4. content.fortescue.com, 5. www.reuters.com, 6. altacopper.com, 7. content.fortescue.com, 8. www.businessinsider.com, 9. www.fortescue.com, 10. www.miningweekly.com, 11. www.reuters.com, 12. www.reuters.com, 13. renewablesnow.com, 14. www.reuters.com, 15. www.reuters.com, 16. www.reuters.com, 17. investors.fortescue.com, 18. www.argusmedia.com, 19. www.reuters.com, 20. tradingeconomics.com, 21. www.westpaciq.com.au, 22. think.ing.com, 23. www.reuters.com, 24. www.reuters.com, 25. investors.fortescue.com, 26. markets.ft.com, 27. www.fool.com.au, 28. fnarena.com, 29. www.investing.com, 30. www.tradingview.com, 31. www.marketscreener.com, 32. investors.fortescue.com, 33. www.westpaciq.com.au, 34. think.ing.com, 35. content.fortescue.com, 36. www.fortescue.com, 37. www.reuters.com, 38. www.reuters.com, 39. www.fortescue.com, 40. content.fortescue.com, 41. www.westpaciq.com.au
The GBPJPY pair succeeded in surpassing the negative pressure, keeping its stability above the initial support at 206.90, noticing the attempt of forming new bullish waves by its rally towards 208.10 barrier, announcing its surrender to the dominance of the sideways bias by the stability of the main levels.
The contradiction between the main indicators confirms the sideways trend in the current trading, to stay aside and monitor the price until surpassing the previously mentioned levels, breaching the barrier and holding above it will open the way for activating the bullish track again and holding below it will force it to force the price to resume the corrective decline, to expect reaching 206.25 and 205.80.
The expected trading range for today is between 207.00 and 208.10
Trend forecast: Neutral
Platinum price began this morning trading with strong positive trading, surpassing the minor bullish channel’s resistance at $1865.00 level, taking advantage of the bullish momentum from the main indicators, to notice recording new historical gains by hitting $1898.00 level.
Note that forming extra support at $1860.00 level and providing bullish momentum by the main indicators, these factors confirm the continuation of the positivity in the near period, attempting to achieve extra gains by reaching $1925.00 followed by 161.8%Fibonacci extension level at $1959.00.
The expected trading range for today is between $1825.00 and $1925.00
Trend forecast: Bullish
The GBPJPY pair succeeded in surpassing the negative pressure, keeping its stability above the initial support at 206.90, noticing the attempt of forming new bullish waves by its rally towards 208.10 barrier, announcing its surrender to the dominance of the sideways bias by the stability of the main levels.
The contradiction between the main indicators confirms the sideways trend in the current trading, to stay aside and monitor the price until surpassing the previously mentioned levels, breaching the barrier and holding above it will open the way for activating the bullish track again and holding below it will force it to force the price to resume the corrective decline, to expect reaching 206.25 and 205.80.
The expected trading range for today is between 207.00 and 208.10
Trend forecast: Neutral
Silver price (XAG/USD) posts a fresh all-time high near $66 during the Asian trading session on Wednesday. The white metal extends its bull run as weak United States (US) employment data, Retail Sales, and flash S&P Global Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) data raise economic concerns.
The US Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report showed on Tuesday that the Unemployment Rate rose to 4.6% in November, the highest level seen since September 2021. In the same period, the economy created 64K fresh jobs, higher than estimates of 50K, but after firing 105K payrolls in October.
Month-on-month Retail Sales remained flat in October, while it was expected to grow steadily by 0.1%. Meanwhile, preliminary S&P Global PMI landed at 53.0, sharply lower than 54.2 in November.
Escalating US economic jitters have raised demand for safe-haven assets, such as Silver.
The broader outlook of the Silver price has remained upbeat due to expectations that the Federal Reserve (Fed) will deliver more interest rate cuts in 2026 than one projected by officials in December’s policy meeting. According to the CME FedWatch tool, there is a 67.6% chance that the Fed will deliver at least two interest rate cuts next year.
Silver price trades almost 3% higher around $66.00 during Asian trading hours. The 20-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) rises at $63.28, with price holding above the average and keeping the short-term tone positive.
The 14-period Relative Strength Index (RSI) at 69.16 sits near the overbought threshold, signaling that momentum could cool before the next leg higher.
Bias remains firm while the market stays above the rising EMA, where pullbacks would be cushioned. A break below the 20-period EMA would turn the intraday bias down, making Silver fragile towards the psychological level of $60.00. While a persistent hold above it would preserve upside, and keep the odds of further upside towards $70.00
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool)
Silver is a precious metal highly traded among investors. It has been historically used as a store of value and a medium of exchange. Although less popular than Gold, traders may turn to Silver to diversify their investment portfolio, for its intrinsic value or as a potential hedge during high-inflation periods. Investors can buy physical Silver, in coins or in bars, or trade it through vehicles such as Exchange Traded Funds, which track its price on international markets.
Silver prices can move due to a wide range of factors. Geopolitical instability or fears of a deep recession can make Silver price escalate due to its safe-haven status, although to a lesser extent than Gold’s. As a yieldless asset, Silver tends to rise with lower interest rates. Its moves also depend on how the US Dollar (USD) behaves as the asset is priced in dollars (XAG/USD). A strong Dollar tends to keep the price of Silver at bay, whereas a weaker Dollar is likely to propel prices up. Other factors such as investment demand, mining supply – Silver is much more abundant than Gold – and recycling rates can also affect prices.
Silver is widely used in industry, particularly in sectors such as electronics or solar energy, as it has one of the highest electric conductivity of all metals – more than Copper and Gold. A surge in demand can increase prices, while a decline tends to lower them. Dynamics in the US, Chinese and Indian economies can also contribute to price swings: for the US and particularly China, their big industrial sectors use Silver in various processes; in India, consumers’ demand for the precious metal for jewellery also plays a key role in setting prices.
Silver prices tend to follow Gold’s moves. When Gold prices rise, Silver typically follows suit, as their status as safe-haven assets is similar. The Gold/Silver ratio, which shows the number of ounces of Silver needed to equal the value of one ounce of Gold, may help to determine the relative valuation between both metals. Some investors may consider a high ratio as an indicator that Silver is undervalued, or Gold is overvalued. On the contrary, a low ratio might suggest that Gold is undervalued relative to Silver.
Stronger external demand and a pickup in economic momentum will likely strengthen the yen. Rising yen demand supports a bearish USD/JPY trajectory in the lead-up to the BoJ’s monetary policy decision, with 153 in view.
While market bets on a December BoJ rate hike have strengthened the yen, US retail sales data will give insights into the US economy, triggering USD/JPY volatility.
Later on Wednesday, US retail sales will fuel speculation about a March Fed rate cut, influencing the US dollar’s trajectory. Economists forecast retail sales to rise 0.3% month-on-month in November after stalling in October.
Stronger retail sales would boost the US economy, given that private consumption accounts for roughly 65% of the GDP. Additionally, consumer spending typically fuels demand-driven inflation, suggesting a more hawkish Fed rate path. Fading bets on a March Fed rate cut will likely lift US dollar demand, cushioning the near-term downside for USD/JPY.
Beyond the data, traders should monitor FOMC members’ speeches for reactions to November’s jobs report and the timeline for a rate cut. Fed Board of Governors Christopher Waller, New York Fed President John Williams, and Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic are due to speak mid-week. Support for further monetary policy easing would overshadow upbeat retail sales data, sending USD/JPY lower on weaker US dollar demand.
For context, US unemployment rose from 4.4% in October to 4.6% in November, while wage growth slowed from 3.7% YoY to 3.5% YoY in November. Rising unemployment and softer wage growth may curb consumer spending and dampen demand-driven inflation.
A cooler inflation outlook would support a more dovish Fed rate path and weaken US dollar demand.
According to the CME FedWatch Tool, the probability of a March Fed rate cut increased from 51% on December 15 to 53.3% on December 16 as markets reacted to the US jobs data. A BoJ rate hike and a March Fed rate cut would narrow the US-Japan rate differential, favoring the yen.
The BoJ and the Fed’s policy outlooks support a bearish short- to medium-term outlook for USD/JPY.
With markets focused on monetary policy, technical indicators, and fundamentals, they will offer critical insights into potential USD/JPY price trends.
Looking at the daily chart, USD/JPY remained above the 50-day and 200-day Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs), signaling a bullish bias. While technicals remained bullish, fundamentals are increasingly outweighing the technical structure, suggesting a bearish outlook.
A break below the Tuesday, December 16, low of 154.394 would bring the 50-day EMA into play. If breached, 153 would be the next key support level. Importantly, a sustained drop below the 50-day EMA would signal a bearish near-term trend reversal, exposing the 200-day EMA and 150.
Since gold only recently cleared above the 10-day average, the trend patterns in gold show a likely bull breakout above $4,353 on the horizon. The breakout above the prior interim swing high of $4,264 last Thursday was confirmed with a daily close above it. Short-term consolidation may continue for a few more days, giving the 10-day average a chance to catch up with price. Once it does, the chance for an upside breakout improves.
Potential dynamic support near the 10-day average, now at $4,243, is the first line of defense for the bulls. Its potential significance as a support zone is strengthened by the near-term rising trendline nearby. The 20-day average is a little lower at $4,195 and it too has been recently recognized by the market as a key area for possible support.
The key price level on the upside is the record high of $4,381. If last week’s high of $4,353 is broken to the upside and sustained, the record high becomes the next potential breakout level. A short-term upside target from the 127.2% projection of the measured move points to $4,454, while the first key target is at a 127.2% extension of the recent bearish correction, at $4,516.
Gold has lacked momentum recently despite further signs of strengthening of the bull trend and positioning as one of the strongest assets in 2025. This keeps it suspect for a possible surprise bearish correction. A drop through the 10-day average would be the first warning sign. Until then, expect continued range play with the 10-day and trendline confluence as the critical hold; clearance of $4,353 opens $4,381 minimum and the path to $4,454–$4,516.
For a look at all of today’s economic events, check out our economic calendar.
– Written by
Tim Boyer
STORY LINK Pound Sterling to Dollar Forecast: GBP/USD Rallies as US Labour Data Softens
The Pound-to-Dollar exchange rate (GBP/USD) surged on Tuesday, hitting a two-month high as a run of stronger-than-expected UK data fuelled demand for Sterling.
At the time of writing, GBP/USD was trading around $1.3427, up roughly 0.4% on the day, although it had eased slightly from an earlier two-month peak of $1.3451.
The Pound (GBP) climbed despite fresh signs that the UK labour market is cooling. While the latest employment report confirmed joblessness has risen to a four-year high and wage growth has slowed, the figures were notably less weak than markets had feared.
Average earnings growth eased from an upwardly revised 4.9% to 4.7%, comfortably outperforming expectations for a sharper slowdown to 4.4%. Employment also declined by just 16,000, far milder than the 60,000 drop forecast by economists. The data suggested the labour market remains relatively resilient, helping Sterling gain ground following the release.
Sterling’s momentum was reinforced by the UK’s preliminary PMI surveys. December’s services PMI was particularly supportive, showing activity strengthened as the index rose from 51.3 to 52.1. The improvement in the UK’s dominant services sector added to the positive tone and further underpinned the Pound.
The US Dollar (USD) struggled to attract support on Tuesday as markets awaited the long-delayed non-farm payrolls report.
Once released, the data painted a mixed picture of a softening US labour market. Payrolls rose by 64,000 in November, beating forecasts for a 50,000 increase, but followed a sharp 105,000 contraction in October. Job growth in August and September was also revised lower, while the unemployment rate climbed from 4.4% in September to 4.6% in November.
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Several economists urged caution in interpreting the figures, noting distortions linked to the recent government shutdown, immigration policy changes and seasonal effects. Even so, the US Dollar experienced choppy trade after the release and remained on the back foot overall.
Looking ahead, attention turns to Wednesday’s UK consumer price index release, which may shape expectations for the Pound ahead of the Bank of England’s (BoE) interest rate decision on Thursday.
Headline CPI is forecast to ease from 3.6% in October to 3.5% in November. Evidence that inflation continues to cool would reinforce the view that price pressures have peaked, potentially strengthening expectations that the BoE will continue cutting interest rates next year and leaving Sterling vulnerable.
A downside surprise could intensify pressure on the Pound, while a firmer-than-expected reading may offer some short-term relief.
In the US, the economic calendar is relatively light on Wednesday, leaving the ‘Greenback’ sensitive to shifts in broader market sentiment. A risk-on mood could sap demand for the safe-haven currency, while any deterioration in confidence may help support USD.
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Gold prices extend their consolidative phase on Tuesday, with the bright metal holding above the $4,300 mark, but unable to run past the $4,350 weekly top. The bright metal found some near-term demand early in the American session, following the release of a batch of United States (US) data. The mixed figures put near-term pressure on the US Dollar (USD), although it also affected Wall Street’s performance. As a result, the USD intraday decline was quickly reversed, with the American currency still on the negative side.
The US published the ADP Employment Change 4-week survey, which showed that the private sector added 16.25K new positions on average in the week ending November 29, improving from the previous 4.75K. Additionally, the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report indicated that the country added 64K in November, after losing 105K in October. The Unemployment Rate was higher than expected, up to 4.6%, from the previous 4.4%. Finally, the US also published October Retail Sales, which remained unchanged in the month, following a revised 0.1% gain in September.
Market players are still uncertain about whether the Federal Reserve (Fed) will be able to deliver more than one interest rate cut in 2026. Some extra light could be shed by data coming on Thursday, as the US will release an update on the Consumer Price Index (CPI). On the same day, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Bank of England (BoE) will announce their decisions on monetary policy. The macroeconomic calendar has little to offer on Wednesday.
In the near term, XAU/USD maintains its modest bullish bias. The 4-hour chart shows that the pair is currently above all its moving averages, with the 20-period Simple Moving Average (SMA) climbing above the 100- and 200-period SMAs, and all three sloping higher. The pair is currently battling to remain above the 20-period SMA, while the 100-period SMA, which is further below, provides support at $4,215. Meanwhile, the Momentum indicator ticks higher within neutral levels, while the Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicator sits at 55, heading lower and hinting at limited gains ahead in the near term.
In the daily chart, XAU/USD is well above a bullish 20-day (SMA), which advances above the 100- and 200-day SMAs, all of which reinforce the bullish bias. The 20-day SMA at $4,195.66 offers nearby dynamic support. At the same time, the Momentum indicator holds above its midline but has eased, signaling that buying pressure is losing some steam, while the RSI stands at 69 with a modest upward slope.
(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool)
The coming winter (yes, it is still officially fall until Dec. 21) will have more of an impact on household and business energy expenses than the government initially predicted. In other words, get ready to throw another log on the fire!
The U.S. Energy Information Administration has changed its Winter Fuels Outlook forecast of the impact on electrical and gas bills, a forecast made in mid-October.
“We now expect a colder winter, and our retail energy price forecasts have risen, especially for natural gas and propane,” stated the EIA in a recent update.
As a result, it means higher thermostats resulting in higher electrical and natural gas bills.
Each October, we publish a Winter Fuels Outlook with forecasts for energy consumption, prices, and expenditures for U.S. households. We categorize homes based on their main heating fuel: natural gas, electricity, propane, or heating oil. Almost all U.S. homes use one of these four fuels as their main heating source.
In each month from November through March, we update these forecasts based on actual weather and prices and the most recent Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) forecasts for future weather and prices. As the winter progresses, we update our Winter Fuels Outlook forecasts concurrently with each STEO release through April 2026.
Weather is a key source of uncertainty in our forecasts, so we provide three forecasts with different weather assumptions. Retail energy prices—especially for propane and heating oil—are sensitive to weather-related effects on energy demand, supply, and wholesale prices.
Our weather assumptions are partially based on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) forecast for the current month. NOAA now expects that this December will be about 8% colder than the average of the previous 10 Decembers. In our October Winter Fuels Outlook forecast, we expected this winter would be slightly warmer than last winter; we now expect generally similar weather to last winter.
Retail natural gas and propane prices for the residential sector have also surpassed our initial forecasts. For natural gas, our retail price forecast has increased concurrently with a change in wholesale natural gas prices. When we formed our October STEO forecast, the spot price of natural gas at Henry Hub was near $3.00 per million British thermal units (MMBtu). By late November, that price had increased to more than $4.00/MMBtu.
Revised forecasts for retail propane prices are attributable to new information from our Heating Oil and Propane Update, which collects data on a weekly basis in October through March. Retail propane prices in October and November have largely followed the previous winter’s price patterns despite wholesale propane prices that have been at least 10% less than the previous winter’s values.